DB Click: HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research - June 2013

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June 2013
DB Click: HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research

The HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research theme site, done in partnership with the Inter-Agency Task Team on HIV Prevention and Young People (IATT-YP), is part of the IATT website on young people and HIV which serves as a platform to provide access to a range of resources on HIV and AIDS focused on adolescents and youth. The IATT website also includes a Community of Practice that hosts material and discussions disseminated through webinars on topics linked to programming for adolescents and youth.
Below, to inform your work, are summaries of research and action that are based on research results relating to young people and HIV/AIDS. The focus is on recent research, particularly, though not exclusively, work freely available in full-text format from professional journals and pertinent historical work done between 2010 and 2013.

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Including: young women and girls, young people who inject drugs, young men who have sex with men, and young people involved in sex work.

1. Let's Talk about Sex: Reflections on Conversations about Love and Sexuality in Kumasi and Endwa, Ghana
	"I argue that young people's silences and respectful speech in family settings reflect a local moral world in which parents authorise and acknowledge sexual engagements of young people only when the latter have achieved the necessary spending power and capacity to care for their partners....This paper recounts and reflects on conversations about love and sexuality conducted with young people in Kumasi and Endwa, Ghana. It examines the settings of these conversations - in a kinship-based household, secondary schools and Pentecostal churches - and explores young people's reticence to talk about such matters in the light of intergenerational respect..."

2.Reducing Substance Use and HIV Health Disparities among Hispanic Youth in the U.S.A.: The Familias Unidas Program of Research
"The objective of this article is to describe a program of research involving Familias Unidas, a Hispanic-specific, parent-centered intervention, aimed at reducing substance use and HIV health disparities among Hispanic youth." This United States-based study focuses on the theoretical foundation of the intervention Familias Unidas, the empirical research supporting the theoretical model, the intervention model itself, the findings of the programme of research, and the translation of this intervention into community practice...

3.Preventing HIV among Sex Workers in sub-Saharan Africa
The main focus of this report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. Section 1 summarises the epidemiology of HIV among sex workers and their clients. For example, it appears that the higher the level of demand for paid sex, the lower the age that women begin sex work in Africa...

4.HIV Knowledge and Associated Factors among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in South Africa and the United States
This research compares factors associated with low HIV/AIDS knowledge among internet-using men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa and the United States. findings include focusing educational services and programmes for MSM: 1) in South Africa, towards MSM who have lower education levels, less integration into gay or bisexual communities, no HIV testing history, limited use of condom-compatible lube, and who are unemployed and 2) in the US, Hispanic MSM, those who have low pride and acceptance of homosexuality, those who have not tested for HIV, those with less than a high school education, and those aged 18-24 or over 50 may be at risk for gaps in HIV knowledge...

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SERVICES
Including: condoms, HIV testing and counselling, information/communication, sexuality education and lifeskills, harm reduction, male circumcision, and treatment for adolescents and young people living with HIV.

5. Setting the Scene: Assessing and Planning with Harm Reduction Partners
	This International HIV/AIDS Alliance (The Alliance) report summarises the results of site assessments on HIV and drug use in China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Malaysia. It includes: assessments of HIV prevention services for people who inject drugs; HIV and drug-related policy and environment; organisational development issues; and monitoring and evaluation of interventions...

6.A Situation Analysis of the Education Sector Response to HIV, Drugs and Sexual Health in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste
"In order to provide an enabling environment for preventing HIV and drug abuse, it is important to have an educated population, one that does not hold misconceptions or is discriminatory towards PLHIV [people living with HIV] and key affected populations. This is where education can play an important complementary role with health sector interventions..."

7.The Effectiveness of Interventions to Change Six Health Behaviours: A Review of Reviews
"This [United Kingdom] paper reports the findings of a review of reviews of behavioural change interventions to reduce unhealthy behaviours or promote healthy behaviours." Included are six different health-related behaviours: healthy eating, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol misuse, sexual risk taking (in young people) and illicit drug use. "Interventions that were most effective across a range of health behaviours included physician advice or individual counselling, and workplace- and school-based activities. Mass media campaigns and legislative interventions also showed small to moderate effects in changing health behaviours..."

8.Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention - A Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness among Young People and Adults in Rural Uganda
"It has been shown that awareness of the protective effect of male circumcision leads to high acceptability towards the introduction of medical male circumcision services within countries." In youth, level of education was not a significant factor associated with awareness, nor were religious affiliation, tribal identity, employment status, or circumcision status. Religion, improved hygiene, and culture were the main reasons given for getting circumcised...

9.The Nature of Risk: HIV/AIDS and the Deaf Community in the United States
This research explores why individuals in the United States (US) who are Deaf are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV infection. "An analysis of the social, political, and attitudinal environments surrounding people who are Deaf reveals numerous barriers that may hinder access to sexuality education and HIV prevention programs..."

10.Relationships Among HIV/AIDS Orphanhood, Stigma, and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in South African Youth
"Cross-sectional research has demonstrated that HIV/AIDS orphanhood is associated with anxiety and depression and that HIV/AIDS-related stigma is a risk factor for these outcomes." In this longitudinal study in 2005 and 2009, "HIV/AIDS-orphaned children reported significantly higher levels of stigma and obtained significantly higher depression scores at both time points..."

11.HIV/AIDS among Youth in Urban Informal (Slum) Settlements in Kenya: What Are the Correlates of and Motivations for HIV Testing?
"HIV counseling and testing (HCT) is widely considered an integral component of HIV prevention and treatment strategies. However, although recent estimates of the HIV/AIDS burden in Kenya underscore the particular vulnerability of youth to HIV, HIV testing and its determinants are largely understudied in this age group." Focusing on Kenyan youth from the Nairobi settlements of Korogocho and Viwandan, this paper examines the correlates of HIV testing, including the motivations for getting (or not getting) an HIV test...

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STRUCTURAL PREVENTION
Including: incentives for change (e.g., cash transfers, microfinance, economic empowerment), laws and policies, and gender-based violence.

12. Community-Based Research among Marginalized HIV Populations: Issues of Support, Resources, and Empowerment
	These British Columbia, Canada, researchers developed a community-based participatory research by training peer-led volunteers to facilitate discussions among Aboriginal and refugee populations to identify ongoing needs. Among those identified were the following: information on, and increased advocacy for, income assistance; culturally relevant and language-sensitive HIV education and awareness material; opportunities for exchange of information within culturally relevant and language-sensitive services and peer-led support groups and spaces; improved communication within and between patients, health professionals, and the community at large...

13.Study Finds Price for Reducing HIV Risk
This article from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, US, describes a study done in Mexico City on the feasibility of reducing HIV risk behaviours using a conditional cash transfer programme that encourages HIV prevention education and regular testing among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). "The interviewers briefly explained that they were conducting a survey about HIV risk behaviors and ways to reduce infection. Consenting subjects were then given a handheld computer with software that administered the confidential and anonymous 40-minute survey..."

14.We Will Speak Out Coalition: Working Together to End Sexual Violence
We Will Speak Out is a coalition of like-minded faith-based groups, international aid agencies, and an alliance of individuals who together commit themselves to work towards the end of sexual violence (SV), starting in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Burundi, and Liberia. The coalition maintains a pledge on its website for individuals and organisations to sign on to speaking out against SV and the marginalisation of those who have experienced it. The pledge includes such actions as mobilising leadership, ensuring law enforcement, and finding lasting solutions...

Send us information about your HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research case studies, reports, evaluations, thinking, and resources. Send to AIDS@comminit.com

DB CLICK: HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research updates you on recent research regarding young people and HIV/AIDS recently summarised on The Communication Initiative website.

DB CLICK: HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research complements The Drum Beat through a specific focus on HIV/AIDS research and adolescents.

Take a look at the HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research Theme Site for more.

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DB Click: HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research - June 2013

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